metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Tremolite-Actinolite series)
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking). Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture resistant). Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking). Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture resistant). Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. It is typically found in metasomatic deposits where fluids interact with igneous rocks at high pressure and moderate temperatures.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in lapidary work, jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and historical tool-making (axes) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than diamond, meaning it is harder to break or chip, even if it is softer on the Mohs scale. For centuries, it was the primary material used for 'jades' in China before Jadeite was imported from Burma.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its smooth, 'soapy' or greasy feel and extreme resistance to impact. It often appears as river-worn cobbles with a distinct brown or white rind. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming, USA.
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