mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate, Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·n(H2O)

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 (can be higher if mixed with quartz); Color: Vivid sky blue to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic (usually cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.4.

Hardness: 2
Color: Vivid sky blue to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous to dull/earthy

Identified March 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies as a secondary mineral. It precipitates from cool copper-bearing solutions within fractures and voids in igneous and metamorphic host rocks. It is found in arid regions where copper deposits are weathering.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor copper ore and as a gemstone for cabochons and beads. High-quality specimens are prized by mineral collectors for their vibrant color. Historically used by the ancient Greeks as a soldering agent for gold.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its use in soldering. It is often found intergrown with other minerals like malachite, azurite, and quartz, the latter creating the more durable 'Gem Silica'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct cyan color and its tendency to 'stick' to the tongue due to its porous nature. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Collectors should look for specimens with intense color and minimal matrix.

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