sedimentary
Chert Arrowhead (Lithic Tool)
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2) - Archeological lithic artifact
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: creamy white with tan staining; Luster: waxy to dull; Structure: cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: conchoidal fracture (scalloped edges from knapping).
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- creamy white with tan staining
- Luster
- waxy to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: creamy white with tan staining; Luster: waxy to dull; Structure: cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: conchoidal fracture (scalloped edges from knapping).
Formation & geological history
Formed as chemical precipitates in sedimentary rock layers (often limestone) through the replacement of organic material or siliceous ooze. This specimen was anthropogenically modified by flintknapping thousands of years ago.
Uses & applications
Historically used as projectile points, scrapers, or knives for hunting and survival; currently highly valued by archeologists and private collectors as historical artifacts.
Geological facts
Arrowheads made of chert or flint are extremely durable and can survive in the soil for thousands of years. The process used to create them is called 'pressure flaking', where a bone or antler tool is used to pop off small flakes to sharpen the edge.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for the 'flake scars' and symmetrical shape that do not occur naturally. Found in areas with historical indigenous activity, often near water sources or flint outcrops.
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