mineral
Chrysocolla (carved)
Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·n(H2O)
Mohs hardness: 2.5–3.5 (often harder if mixed with quartz); Color: cyan/turquoise blue and green; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (usually cryptocrystalline); Specific gravity: 2.0–2.4
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- cyan/turquoise blue and green
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness: 2.5–3.5 (often harder if mixed with quartz); Color: cyan/turquoise blue and green; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (usually cryptocrystalline); Specific gravity: 2.0–2.4
Formation & geological history
Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies. It precipitates from silica-rich waters that interact with copper minerals like malachite or azurite. Found in copper-rich environments worldwide, including various islands in Indonesia.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a minor copper ore, for ornamental carvings, beads, and as a gemstone for jewelry (pendants, rings). Valued by collectors for its vibrant color.
Geological facts
Chrysocolla is often confused with turquoise but is generally softer unless it is 'Gem Silica' (chrysocolla infused with chalcedony). It has been used since ancient times for soldering gold, which is where its name (derived from Greek words for 'gold glue') comes from.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its bright blue-green color and lack of turquoise's typical vein patterns. It often sticks to the tongue due to its porous nature. In Indonesia, it is commonly found in proximity to copper-gold deposits such as those in Bacan or other volcanic arc regions.
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sedimentary
Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust
Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic