mineral

Cinnabar on Matrix with Quartz

Mercury(II) sulfide (HgS) on Quartz (SiO2) and Basalt/Siltstone matrix

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Cinnabar) / 7 (Quartz); Color: Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey; Luster: Adamantine to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 8.1

Hardness: 2
Color: Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey
Luster: Adamantine to dull

Identified July 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Cinnabar) / 7 (Quartz); Color: Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey; Luster: Adamantine to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 8.1

Formation & geological history

Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal veins and near volcanic activity or alkaline hot springs, typically in sedimentary rocks or volcanic flows.

Uses & applications

Historically the primary ore of mercury; used as a pigment (vermilion) in antiquity; today primarily a collector specimen due to toxicity.

Geological facts

Cinnabar was used for thousands of years as a pigment and in traditional medicine, despite being a toxic source of mercury. Its name comes from the Persian word 'zinjifrah'.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its strikingly bright red 'cinnabar red' color and high density. Commonly found in Almaden (Spain), Huancavelica (Peru), and various locations in China and the US West Coast. Use gloves when handling.