mineral
Cinnabar on Matrix with Quartz
Mercury(II) sulfide (HgS) on Quartz (SiO2) and Basalt/Siltstone matrix
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Cinnabar) / 7 (Quartz); Color: Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey; Luster: Adamantine to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 8.1
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey
- Luster
- Adamantine to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Cinnabar) / 7 (Quartz); Color: Scarlet to brownish-red streaks on white/grey; Luster: Adamantine to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 8.1
Formation & geological history
Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal veins and near volcanic activity or alkaline hot springs, typically in sedimentary rocks or volcanic flows.
Uses & applications
Historically the primary ore of mercury; used as a pigment (vermilion) in antiquity; today primarily a collector specimen due to toxicity.
Geological facts
Cinnabar was used for thousands of years as a pigment and in traditional medicine, despite being a toxic source of mercury. Its name comes from the Persian word 'zinjifrah'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its strikingly bright red 'cinnabar red' color and high density. Commonly found in Almaden (Spain), Huancavelica (Peru), and various locations in China and the US West Coast. Use gloves when handling.
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