mineral
Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Yellow to brownish-orange
- Luster
- Vitreous (glass-like)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic environments, specifically in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine is rare and often forms when amethyst or smoky quartz is heated by nearby magma chambers.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces) and as a popular specimen for crystal collectors. Also used as a decorative stone in home decor.
Geological facts
Citrine is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore. Most citrine sold commercially is actually heat-treated amethyst, which turns from purple to orange at high temperatures.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass) and lack of cleavage. Look for the distinct yellow hue. Common locations include Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors value natural, unheated specimens with high clarity.
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