mineral

Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Pale yellow to golden honey or amber. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: No true cleavage, conchoidal fracture. Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to golden honey or amber
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified May 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Citrine is a variety of quartz that gets its color from ferric iron impurities. Natural citrine is rare and often forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (faceting, beads, and cabochons), decorative ornaments, and by mineral collectors. It is also highly popular in holistic practices and as a 'merchant's stone' for abundance.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is very pale yellow compared to the burnt orange-red hues of heat-treated amethyst. It is the birthstone for November and the 13th wedding anniversary gemstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), glassy luster, and lack of bubbles (distinguishing it from yellow glass). Natural citrine is found mainly in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Look for zones of color and transparency in the field.