mineral

Citrine

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal (Hexagonal system); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: yellow to brownish-orange
Luster: Vitreous

Identified July 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal (Hexagonal system); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Forms in igneous rocks (granite and pegmatite) or metamorphic environments within silica-rich veins. Natural citrine is rare and often forms when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to heat within the earth.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone and as a popular collector's specimen. It is also used in crystal healing practices.

Geological facts

Citrine is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore. Most citrine on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst, as natural citrine is exceptionally rare.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (scratches glass) and lack of cleavage. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Natural specimens usually have a uniform color, whereas heat-treated ones may show a white base.