mineral
Citrine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 Mohs
- Color
- Pale yellow to brownish orange
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic environments, specifically in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.
Uses & applications
Popular in jewelry, gemstone collecting, and holistic practices. Historically used to decorate weapons and as a gemstone for talismans.
Geological facts
Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' found in shops is amethyst that has been heat-treated to change its color from purple to orange-yellow.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its yellow hue and quartz-like transparency. Often found in Brazil, Spain, and Madagascar. Natural citrine lacks the distinctive white base often seen in heat-treated amethyst.
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Metamorphic
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Calcite–fluorite mineral specimen with iron-oxide staining
Calcite (CaCO₃), likely fluorite (CaF₂), with possible quartz and iron/manganese oxides
mineral
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous