sedimentary
Coal (Anthracite or Bituminous)
Carbonaceous sedimentary rock (Carbon)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Jet black to brownish-black, Luster: Dull to sub-metallic or vitreous, Structure: Amorphous/Organic, Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Jet black to brownish-black, Luster: Dull to sub-metallic or vitreous, Structure: Amorphous/Organic, Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the lithification of ancient plant matter (peat) in swampy environments under high heat and pressure over millions of years (Carboniferous period).
Uses & applications
Primary source of fuel for electricity generation, industrial heat (coke for steel production), and historically for domestic heating.
Geological facts
Coal is considered a 'fossil fuel' because it is formed from the remains of plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. It is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its black color, light weight (low specific gravity), and ability to leave a black smudge on hands or paper. Commonly found in sedimentary basins and coal seams near shale or sandstone.
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