metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate mainly of Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5.0-5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep celestial blue, often with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite veins. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component). Cleavage: Imperfect/Poor. Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9.
- Hardness
- 5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.0-5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep celestial blue, often with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite veins. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component). Cleavage: Imperfect/Poor. Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or syenitic intrusions. Most high-quality specimens originate from ancient mines in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), dating back over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically ground into the expensive pigment 'ultramarine' used by Renaissance artists.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, used for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock, not a mineral, because it is composed of multiple minerals including lazurite, calcite, sodalite, and pyrite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense blue color and the presence of metallic gold-colored pyrite specks. It is primarily found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Collectors look for deep even color with minimal white calcite.
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