metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green with white/gray mottling; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous structure; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage to deep forest green with white/gray mottling
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green with white/gray mottling; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous structure; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones, dolomites, or ultramafic rocks in the presence of water and heat. Commonly found in serpentine belts often dating from the Mesozoic era.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than diamond in terms of resistance to fracture because of its dense, felted fiber structure. It was known as the 'Axe Stone' in prehistoric times and is deeply revered in Chinese culture as the 'Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, lack of visible crystals, and extreme density. It cannot be scratched by a common knife but will scratch glass. Frequently found as water-worn cobbles in riverbeds in British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming.
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