metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically shades of green (sage to dark forest), creamy white, or brownish. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, consisting of an interlocking fibrous structure. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically shades of green (sage to dark forest), creamy white, or brownish. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, consisting of an interlocking fibrous structure. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the chemical interaction of serpentine with silica-rich fluids. It is often found in riverbeds as water-worn pebbles or in mountain outcrops.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), and decorative sculptures. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its incredible toughness—the resistance to fracturing—which exceeds that of diamond. It has been a sacred stone in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years, symbolizing purity and longevity.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or greasy feel and 'waxy' appearance when wet. It will scratch a copper penny but not a steel knife. Major sources include British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and Taiwan.
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