metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green to olive green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (highly tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. It typically occurs in contact metamorphic zones where silica-rich fluids interact with mafic or ultramafic rocks.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically in axe heads or tools due to its extreme toughness/durability.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel, making it the most durable natural stone. It was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in ancient China and was valued more than gold.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel when polished and its extreme resistance to breaking. It often has small black inclusions of chromite or magnetite. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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