Yellow Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained Quartz)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden yellow; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & Geological History

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, specifically in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins where silica-rich fluids crystallize. Its yellow color often comes from trace amounts of iron.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used in jewelry as a gemstone, as well as in electronics (quartz oscillators) and abrasive manufacturing. Highly valued by mineral collectors and for metaphysical practices.

Geological Facts

Naturally occurring yellow citrine is actually quite rare; most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), absence of cleavage, and translucent yellow color. Common locations include Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.

Identified on: 4/22/2026

Mode: Standard