gemstone
Diamond (or Simulant)
Carbon (C)
Hardness 10 (Mohs), Adamantine luster, Colorless to pale blue/yellow, Isometric/Cubic crystal system, Octahedral cleavage, Specific gravity 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness 10 (Mohs), Adamantine luster, Colorless to pale blue/yellow, Isometric/Cubic crystal system, Octahedral cleavage, Specific gravity 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high temperature and pressure within Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface, usually over 1 to 3 billion years ago; transported to surface via kimberlite pipes.
Uses & applications
Primary use in high-end jewelry, industrial cutting tools, abrasives, and as a store of value or collector mineral.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance known to man. It is the only gemstone made of a single element: Carbon.
Field identification & locations
Identification includes testing for high thermal conductivity, checking for specific refraction under a loupe, and looking for 'fire' (light dispersion). Commonly found in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana.
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