gemstone
Diamond
Native Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in four directions), Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in four directions), Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and high temperature at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle over periods of 1 to 3.3 billion years. They are brought to the surface through deep-origin volcanic eruptions called kimberlites.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry for its brilliance and durability, and in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its unparalleled hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance known on Earth. The name diamond is derived from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable or invincible.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its extreme hardness (scratches all other minerals), high thermal conductivity, and adamantine luster. Common sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.
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