![Lapis Lazuli (Sodium aluminum silicate with sulfur (main component: Lazurite [(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2])) — metamorphic](https://media.rockidentification.com/f6b611a7-4693-470b-bfde-2cc655d02529-compressed.jpg)
metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Sodium aluminum silicate with sulfur (main component: Lazurite [(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2])
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs; Color: Deep celestial blue with gold flecks (pyrite) and white streaks (calcite); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (though usually found massive); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs; Color: Deep celestial blue with gold flecks (pyrite) and white streaks (calcite); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (though usually found massive); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or marble is altered by hydrothermal processes. The presence of sulfur provides the blue color. Primary deposits date back thousands of years, notably from the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in jewelry (cabochons, beads) and ornamental carvings. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine art. Also a popular stone for mineral collectors and metaphysical practitioners.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was one of the first gemstones used by humans, appearing in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock, not a mineral, because it is composed of multiple minerals: Lazurite, Pyrite, and Calcite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its unique 'denim' to 'royal' blue color combined with metallic gold-colored pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. To distinguish from sodalite, look for the presence of pyrite, which is rare in sodalite.
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