mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, steel-gray, to black; Luster: Metallic to dull earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (may show parting); Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown, steel-gray, to black
Luster: Metallic to dull earthy

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, steel-gray, to black; Luster: Metallic to dull earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (may show parting); Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as an alteration product in igneous rocks, or as a chemical precipitate in sedimentary environments like banded iron formations. It is commonly associated with oxygen-rich environments and can date back billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints and cosmetics, and in jewelry as beads or cabochons.

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima,' because of its red streak. It is responsible for the red color of many soils and the reddish hue of the planet Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak when rubbed on a porcelain plate, regardless of its exterior color. It is often found in sedimentary basins or volcanic regions. Collectors look for botryoidal (grape-like) or specular (glittery) forms.