metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Specimen)
Lapis Lazuli (Aggregate rock containing Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the contact metamorphism of limestone into marble. It is primarily found in old geological formations such as the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan which have been active for over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Used in high-end jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and inlay work. Historically, it was ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for Renaissance painters.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock, not a mineral, because it is composed of multiple minerals including lazurite, pyrite, and calcite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense 'navy' blue color and metallic gold-colored specks (pyrite). It is famously mined in Afghanistan (highest quality), Chile, Russia, and the USA (California and Colorado).
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