mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White to translucent/light gray, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: Trigonal (hexagonal in appearance), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: White to translucent/light gray, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: Trigonal (hexagonal in appearance), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in almost all types of geological environments; commonly precipitates from hydrothermal as water cools or crystallizes from cooling magma in igneous rocks. Found in all geologic ages.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in electronics (oscillators), optics, abrasives, glassmaking, construction (sand), and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is piezoelectric, meaning it can generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress, which is why it is used in watches.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and common occurrence as irregular grains or hexagonal prisms. Found worldwide in beaches, mountains, and rivers.
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Other mineral specimens
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)
Metamorphic Rock
![Biotite Schist (Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]) — metamorphic](https://media.rock.id/9ca564b5-bc87-402b-965a-69b21f9aa6bf-thumbnail.jpg)
Biotite Schist
Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]
metamorphic