mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue-green with brown or grey host rock (matrix), Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Identified April 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Blue-green with brown or grey host rock (matrix), Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. Commonly found in arid environments within volcanic or sedimentary host rocks.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads, inlay) and as a collector's mineral. Historically significant for decorative art and talismans.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in history, used by Egyptians since 3000 BCE. The blue color comes from copper, while the green comes from iron or zinc.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive robin's egg blue to green color, opaque nature, and association with copper deposits in desert climates. Common locations include the Southwestern USA, Iran, and China.

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