mineral

Desert Rose

Gypsum (variety Selenite) - CaSO4·2H2O

Hardness: 1.5–2 on Mohs scale (very soft, can be scratched by a fingernail); Color: Tan, sandy, or brownish-white; Luster: Pearly to earthy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic, forming bladed rosettes; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific gravity: 2.3

Hardness: 1
Color: Tan, sandy, or brownish-white
Luster: Pearly to earthy

Identified March 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in arid, sandy conditions through the evaporation of mineral-rich groundwater. As water evaporates, crystals of gypsum or barite precipitate and grow in a circular pattern, trapping surrounding sand grains within their structure. Most specimens are from the Quaternary period.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as decorative specimens for collectors, metaphysical healing practices, and unique interior design accents. Large-scale gypsum is used in construction for drywall (plaster of Paris).

Geological facts

The 'petals' are actually flattened crystals that expand outward from a central point. The largest single desert rose ever recorded was over 17 inches across and weighed more than 125 pounds. It is the official rock of the state of Oklahoma (specifically the rose rock variety of barite).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct rose-like cluster of blades and its grit-like sandy texture. Commonly found in deserts like the Sahara (Algeria/Tunisia), the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico), and the plains of Oklahoma. Collectors should avoid water as gypsum is slightly soluble.