mineral

Diamond

Diamond (Native Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150-200 kilometers. They are brought to the surface through deep-source volcanic eruptions known as kimberlite or lamproite pipes.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry as gemstones; also used extensively in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), high refractive index (brilliance), and thermal conductivity. Commonly found in secondary alluvial deposits or primary kimberlite pipes in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.