metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive or brown; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage green to dark olive or brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive or brown; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or the chemical alteration of ultramafic rocks in subduction zones. Often found as water-worn pebbles in riverbeds.
Uses & applications
Widely used for carvings, jewelry (pendants, bangles), ornamental tools, and architectural accents. Historically used for axe heads due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of the two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for its exceptional toughness, which is even higher than diamond, making it resistant to shattering.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or greasy feel, extreme toughness when struck, and smooth, waxy surface. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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