mineral
Diamond (specifically Blue Diamond color appearance)
Carbon (C) with trace Boron
Hardness: 10 (Mohs), Color: Light blue/grayish-blue, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs), Color: Light blue/grayish-blue, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and high temperatures deep in the Earth's mantle, approximately 100 to 150 miles below the surface. They are brought to the surface via volcanic eruptions called kimberlite or lamproite pipes.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings/necklaces) and for industrial cutting, grinding, and drilling due to its unrivaled hardness.
Geological facts
Blue diamonds are among the rarest and most expensive in the world. Their blue color is caused by trace amounts of the element boron trapped within the carbon crystal structure during formation.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by high refractive index (brilliance) and hardness test. Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits. Most famous blue diamonds come from the Cullinan mine in South Africa.
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Biotite Schist
Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]
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