metamorphic
White Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale (easily scratched by steel); Color: Pure white to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to sugary; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (though often masked in massive forms); Specific Gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale (easily scratched by steel)
- Color
- Pure white to off-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to sugary
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale (easily scratched by steel); Color: Pure white to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to sugary; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (though often masked in massive forms); Specific Gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. Under extreme heat and pressure, the original carbonate mineral grains recrystallize into a dense interlocking mosaic of calcite crystals. Geologically, it can range from Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as building stone, floor tiles, and countertop slabs. Highly valued in art for sculpture due to its relative softness and light-scattering properties (waxy look). Industrially used as an abrasive, a source of calcium, or crushed for road aggregate.
Geological facts
Pure white marble, like the Carrara marble from Italy, is the result of metamorphism of a very pure (silica-poor) limestone. Famous structures like the Taj Mahal and the Parthenon are constructed primarily from marble.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sugary texture and softness (can be scratched by a copper coin or knife). It will vigorously effervesce (fizz) when a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid is applied. Commonly found in mountainous regions where deep crustal deformation has occurred, such as the Appalachians or the Alps.
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