mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Reddish-brown to black-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Parting; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to black-gray
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Reddish-brown to black-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Parting; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks, by hydrothermal processes, or in sedimentary environments such as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) where iron-rich sediments precipitated in ancient oceans over 2 billion years ago.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment in paints/makeup, and for carving or making beads in jewelry.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. It is responsible for the red color of many soils and the reddish hue of Mars. When ground into a powder, even black metallic specimens produce a characteristic 'cherry red' streak.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by rubbing it against an unglazed porcelain plate; look for a rust-red or cherry-red streak. It is denser than common rocks and often has a subtle metallic sheen or a dull, rusty appearance.