mineral

Turquoise

Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to blue-green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified April 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to blue-green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed through the infiltration of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. Typically found in arid regions within volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, decorative inlays, and ornaments. Significant value in Native American and Middle Eastern crafts.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by the Ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the French 'turquois', meaning 'Turkish', as it first reached Europe via Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique 'robin's egg' blue or green color and 'matrix' (veins of host rock). Commonly found in the Southwestern USA, Iran, and China. Collectors should look for even color and high density.

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