mineral

Carnelian Agate

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2) with Iron Oxide impurities

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Cryptocrystalline (Trigonal); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified February 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Cryptocrystalline (Trigonal); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic and sedimentary rocks as nodules or fillings in cavities (geodes) through the precipitation of silica from groundwater at low temperatures. It often occurs in ancient alluvial deposits.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used for jewelry, lapidary art (cabochons and beads), and seal stones. Historically used for signet rings and amulets.

Geological facts

In ancient times, carnelian was believed to protect the wearer from bad luck and provide courage in battle. It was widely used in Ancient Egypt for scarabs and jewelry found in Tutankhamun's tomb.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its waxy luster, translucency, and warm orange hue. It is commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Collectors look for high clarity and deep, uniform saturation of orange-red color.

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