mineral

Amethyst

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide with iron impurities), SiO2

Hardness: 7; Color: Purple/Violet; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7
Color: Purple/Violet
Luster: Vitreous

Identified June 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7; Color: Purple/Violet; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and cavities (geodes) within igneous and metamorphic rocks. The purple color comes from gamma irradiation of iron impurities in the quartz structure. Most significant deposits are in volcanic basalt.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (facets, cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and as a popular collector's mineral specimen.

Geological facts

Amethyst was once considered one of the 'Cardinal Gems' alongside diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos,' meaning 'not drunk.'

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive purple hue and hexagonal crystal form in geodes. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for color saturation and clarity.

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