Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep blue with gold-flecked pyrite and white calcite; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. This process occurs when high temperatures and chemical reactions from nearby magma transform the rock. The most famous deposits in Afghanistan date back over 6,000 years.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, for decorative carvings, and historically ground into powder to create ultramarine pigment for master paintings.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and funeral masks, most notably the mask of Tutankhamun. It is one of the oldest known gemstones in human history.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its intense 'Royal Blue' color, the presence of metallic gold-looking pyrite specks, and white calcite veins. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Russia, and Chile.

Identified on: 5/5/2026

Mode: Standard