mineral

Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Yellow to brownish-orange
Luster: Vitreous

Identified April 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks through the presence of iron impurities in quartz. Typically found in pegmatite veins or hydrothermal veins. Much commercial citrine is created by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, as well as for lapidary work and mineral collection.

Geological facts

Citrine is known as the 'Merchant's Stone' and is believed in folklore to attract abundance and prosperity. Most natural citrine is rare; the majority of citrine on the market is heat-treated amethyst.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its yellow color and quartz-like crystal habit. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, Spain, and Russia. Used as the birthstone for November.