mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with trace Chromium/Vanadium

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Indistinct basal. Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Indistinct basal. Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing host rocks, often under metamorphic conditions. Most deposits range from 30 million to 65 million years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry and as a sought-after specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are one of the 'Big Three' colored gemstones. Unlike many other gems, inclusions in emeralds (often called 'jardin') are frequently accepted and even used to help identify natural stones from synthetics.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color, hexagonal crystal habit, and high hardness. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors look for color saturation and clarity.

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