sedimentary
Ferruginous Sandstone
Clastic Sedimentary Rock with Iron Oxide Cement
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, yellow-orange; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic); Cleavage: None; Grains: Sand-sized.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-brown, yellow-orange
- Luster
- Dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, yellow-orange; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic); Cleavage: None; Grains: Sand-sized.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The distinct reddish-brown color comes from iron oxides like hematite or goethite acting as the binding cement between grains during lithification.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material (dimension stone), in road gravel, and as an ornamental garden stone. In some cases, it can be a minor source of iron ore.
Geological facts
The red colors of famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon or the red rocks of Sedona are largely due to iron-oxide-cemented sandstone. The porosity of sandstone makes it an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains that are cemented together. It is commonly found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas. Collectors value specimens with unique banding or iron concretions.
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