mineral

Clear Quartz / Rock Crystal

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless/Transparent; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Colorless/Transparent
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless/Transparent; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed through the crystallization of magma or from hydrothermal veins. It is found in a wide variety of geological environments including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks across all geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used in electronics (oscillators), glassmaking, abrasives, jewelry as a gemstone, and widely collected by mineral enthusiasts for metaphysical or aesthetic purposes.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. Rock crystal was once believed by ancient Greeks to be permanently frozen ice.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and hexagonal crystal habit if intact. Found globally in mountains and riverbeds.