sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide cement
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-brown, tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brown color indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) acting as a cementing agent. Common in desert, river, and coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as building stone, road base, and common landscaping. Highly ferruginous types can sometimes be used as low-grade iron ore.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. This specific specimen shows weathering patterns typical of river transport or wind erosion.
Field identification & locations
Identify by a gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It can be found globally in outcrop formations. For collectors, look for unique weathering patterns or fossil inclusions.
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