mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.4

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.4

Formation & geological history

Formed in the Earth's upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt or peridotite. It is one of the first minerals to crystallize from magma.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone (Peridot) in jewelry when transparent; industrial uses include blast furnace slag conditioners, casting sand, and as a refractory material due to its high melting point.

Geological facts

Olivine is a primary component of the Earth's mantle and has been found in meteorites (pallasites) and on the Moon and Mars. Gem-quality olivine is the birthstone for August.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color, glassy luster, and granular habit in basaltic rocks. Common in volcanic regions such as Hawaii, Arizona, and Norway. High-quality transparent crystals are sought by collectors.

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