Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5 to 5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Intense deep blue (royal blue) with gold flecks (pyrite) and white veins (calcite); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism, where limestone or marble is altered by heat and pressure from nearby igneous intrusions. Most famous deposits are over 6,000 years old.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and historically ground into the pigment 'ultramarine' for fine art. Also a popular collector's stone.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was highly prized by ancient Egyptians, who used it for amulets and the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. The gold-colored flecks often mistaken for gold are actually iron pyrite ('fool's gold').

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct 'lapis blue' color, associated streaks of white calcite, and metallic gold-colored pyrite specks. Found primarily in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Russia, Chile, and Canada.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

Mode: Standard