mineral
Smoky Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-grey to black, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-grey to black, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. The smoky color results from natural irradiation of aluminum-bearing quartz over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used in gemstone jewelry, ornamental carvings, and for metaphysical collecting. Historically used for sunglasses in 12th century China.
Geological facts
Smoky quartz is the national gem of Scotland, where it is known as Cairngorm. It can range from almost completely transparent to a solid black variety called Morion.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hexagonal crystal habit, lack of cleavage, and characteristic translucent 'smoke' color. Commonly found in granite-rich mountain ranges.
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Green Apatite on Albite
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