Citrine (likely Heat-Treated Amethyst)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to deep amber, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture, Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites. While natural citrine is rare, most commercial citrine is created by heating amethyst or smoky quartz to temperatures between 300-600 degrees Celsius.

Uses & Applications

Predominantly used in jewelry (faceting and cabochons), crystal healing, and as decorative mineral specimens for collectors.

Geological Facts

Natural citrine is very rare; the deep orange color seen in many specimens (like this one with white quartz backing) is a diagnostic sign of heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass) and lack of cleavage. In the case of heat-treated specimens, they often have an opaque white base and a localized burnt-orange color at the tips.

Identified on: 5/10/2026

Mode: Standard