mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black (silver in polished form); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (silver in polished form)
Luster: Metallic

Identified June 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black (silver in polished form); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, or through precipitation from water in sedimentary environments. Most giant deposits are Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) over 2 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy media separation, pigments (ochre), jewelry (beads/rings), and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

While it looks metallic gray or black, hematite always produces a reddish-brown streak. It is found in abundance on the planet Mars, giving the 'Red Planet' its distinct color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density (heavy for its size) and by performing a streak test on unglazed porcelain which will reveal a rusty red color. Commonly found in iron-rich sedimentary basins and volcanic regions.