Anthracite Coal

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0; Color: Jet black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.7

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the regional metamorphism of lower-grade coal or peat under high heat and pressure, typically during mountain-building events (orogeny). Most deposits are Carboniferous in age (approx. 300 million years old).

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a high-grade fuel for domestic heating and industrial processes due to its high carbon content and low impurities. Also used for water filtration and as a decorative material in jewelry or carving.

Geological Facts

Anthracite has the highest carbon count (86%-97%) and the highest energy density of all coal types. Because it burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame, it is the cleanest-burning coal available.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its shiny, black, glassy appearance and the fact that it does not soil fingers like softer bituminous coal. Key locations include the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania (USA), Wales (UK), and Vietnam.

Identified on: 5/11/2026

Mode: Standard