mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green with dark and light green banding; Luster: Silky to dull (adamantine when polished); Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green with dark and light green banding
Luster: Silky to dull (adamantine when polished)

Identified March 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green with dark and light green banding; Luster: Silky to dull (adamantine when polished); Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits, where carbonated water reacts with copper-bearing minerals. Common in hydrothermal deposits.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and as a gemstone. Historically used as a copper ore and as a green pigment in paints.

Geological facts

In Ancient Egypt, malachite was used as eye makeup and for amulets. It is unique for its rhythmic banding, which occurs as a result of rhythmic deposition of the mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive green color, characteristic banding, and its tendency to bubble when exposed to weak acid. Common locations include the DRC, Russia, and the Southwestern United States.