mineral

Garnet

Garnet group [X3Y2(SiO4)3]

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically deep red to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric/Cubic (often dodecahedral); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 3.1-4.3

Hardness: 6
Color: Typically deep red to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to resinous

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through regional metamorphism of shale and sedimentary rocks, or in igneous rocks like pegmatites. They develop under high temperature and pressure conditions in the crust.

Uses & applications

Used widely as gemstones in jewelry. Industrially, it is used as an abrasive in waterjet cutting, sandblasting, and filtration media due to its hardness and lack of cleavage.

Geological facts

Garnet is the official birthstone for January. While red is the most common color, garnets can actually be found in almost every color, including rare green varieties like Tsavorite.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct crystal shape (often resembling a soccer ball), lack of cleavage, and high hardness compared to surrounding matrix minerals. Common in schist and gneiss formations.