metamorphic
Serpentine (Greenstone)
Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysolite mixture (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3–6 (Mohs scale), Color: Mottled green, grey-green, or blackish-green, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor to nonexistent (massive), Specific gravity: 2.2–2.9.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 (Mohs scale), Color: Mottled green, grey-green, or blackish-green, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor to nonexistent (massive), Specific gravity: 2.2–2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, which occurs when ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth’s mantle are hydrated under low temperatures and high pressures at tectonic plate boundaries. Common in ophiolitic sequences. Ages range from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Used in the industry as a source of magnesium and asbestos (chrysotile variety), for architectural stone (verde antique), gemstone carvings, jewelry (cabochons), and as a popular ornamental stone for collectors.
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. When polished, it often resembles snakeskin, which is how it earned the name 'Serpentine' from the Latin 'serpentinus'. It is chemically similar to jade and is often used as a 'California Jade' simulant.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic waxy or 'soapy' feel and distinct green-mottled appearance. Commonly found along fault zones, subduction zones, and in the Appalachian mountains or the West Coast of the US. Collectors look for high translucency or 'noble serpentine'.
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