mineral

Citrine (Iron-stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct/None; Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale yellow to golden brown
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct/None; Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. It is often created through the heating of amethyst or smoky quartz, either naturally by geothermal heat or artificially in a kiln. Geological age ranges from millions to billions of years depending on the host rock.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, as a decorative specimen for collectors, and in some industrial glass-making or electronics (due to its piezoelectric properties).

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore. It is one of the official birthstones for November.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hexagonal crystal habit with pyramid-shaped terminations and its inability to be scratched by steel. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Look for iron-oxide staining in crevices as seen in this specimen.

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