mineral

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead-gray to silver-gray; Luster: Bright metallic; Crystal structure: Cubic; Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific gravity: 7.2–7.6 (very heavy)

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead-gray to silver-gray
Luster: Bright metallic

Identified July 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead-gray to silver-gray; Luster: Bright metallic; Crystal structure: Cubic; Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific gravity: 7.2–7.6 (very heavy)

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins through precipitation from hot, metal-rich fluids in volcanic or sedimentary environments. It is frequently associated with sphalerite, calcite, and fluorite.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of lead. Used in lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and historically in glazes and paints. Small specimens are popular for mineral collecting.

Geological facts

Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It often contains significant amounts of silver as an impurity, making it an important source of silver as well. It was used in early crystal radio receivers as a point-contact diode.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high density (feels very heavy for its size), bright metallic luster, and its tendency to break into perfect cubes. Found globally, with major deposits in the USA (Missouri), Mexico, and Australia. Collectors should wash hands after handling due to lead content.