mineral

Galena

Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray to silver; Luster: Bright metallic (can tarnish); Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic); Specific gravity: High (7.2-7.6); Cleavage: Perfect cubic.

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead gray to silver
Luster: Bright metallic (can tarnish)

Identified July 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray to silver; Luster: Bright metallic (can tarnish); Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic); Specific gravity: High (7.2-7.6); Cleavage: Perfect cubic.

Formation & geological history

Hydrothermal mineral found in veins, also in sedimentary rocks as replacements. It is the primary ore of lead and often contains silver.

Uses & applications

Primary source of lead for batteries, ammunition, and radiation shielding; historical source of silver; popular for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It often contains up to 1 percent silver as an impurity. Historically, it was used as a semiconductor in early crystal radio sets.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its bright metallic luster, distinctive gray streak, and surprising weight (high density). It feels much heavier than it looks. Common in Missouri, USA (State Mineral), and areas of the UK.