mineral

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Lead-gray to silver-blue; Luster: Bright metallic, dulling to dark gray over time; Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific gravity: Very high (7.2 - 7.6).

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead-gray to silver-blue
Luster: Bright metallic, dulling to dark gray over time

Identified July 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and by replacement of carbonate rocks (limestone or dolostone) during various geological ages, often associated with sphalerite and fluorite.

Uses & applications

Galena is the primary ore for lead. It is also used as a source of silver (often occurring as an impurity). Historically used in crystal radio sets and currently valued by mineral collectors for its cubic crystal habits.

Geological facts

Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. Because it contains lead, it is extremely dense and feels much heavier than it looks. It has been used since ancient times for cosmetics (kohl) and smelting lead.

Field identification & locations

Collectors should look for its distinctive lead-gray color, metallic luster, and perfect cubic cleavage. It is commonly found in Missouri (USA), Mexico, and Germany. Wash hands after handling due to lead content.